Council of State opposes levies to decrease market share of Electrabel

The Belgian Council of State, the highest administrative body, rejects two legislative proposals aiming at curbing the market share of Electrabel.

Recently, members of parliament submitted two proposals aiming at curtailing Electrabel's market share in the Belgian electricity production market.

The first proposal intended to cap the market share of any electricity undertaking in the production market at 45%. In case an undertaking would hold more than 45% market share, this undertaking was subject to a levy equal to the annual turnover of the share above 45%. The second proposal intended the same, but did not opt for a levy. Instead, the electricity undertakings could avoid such levy by decreasing its market share.

The Council of State rejected the proposals. It was of the opinion that both infringe the European rules on free movement of capital and the fundamental ownership rights.

Council of State opposes levies to decrease market share of Electrabel

Tax on unused electricity production sites

Wednesday, minister Magnette responded to several questions relating to the tax (or levy) on the unused sites suitable for electricity production. This tax was established by the Act of 8 December 2006 and is levied on all plots of land on which a production installation with a capacity of 400 MW (gas fired), 250 MW (coal or biomass fired) or 250 MW (CHP) can be build. All existing unused sites are property of Electrabel. Aim of the Act was to incite Electrabel to sell these sites to competitors. Notwithstanding the fact that the amount of tax was 51,150,000 EUR (yearly) in 2006, 2007 and 2008, and 67,500,000 EUR/Year in 2009, Electrabel only sold one such site to E.ON. All others are still its property.

Electrabel unsuccessfully challenged the legality of the Act of 2006 before the Constitutional Court. It also challenged the amounts to be paid before the court of first instance in Brussels claiming that most of the sites do not fall under the conditions of the Act of 2006.

The minister declared that he is waiting for the judgment of the court before starting discussions with Electrabel on the compliance with the provisions of the Act.

Tax on unused electricity production sites

Postponement of the nuclear phase out

On 13 October 2009 the Belgian federal government decided to postpone the nuclear phase out of the three eldest nuclear plants with 10 years. This would mean that in the soon to be adopted new regulatory framework all Belgian nuclear plants will close between 2022 and 2025.

As a favour in return, GDF Suez and Electrabel would have agreed to pay 170 M EUR per annum from 2010 until 2014. The other nuclear market participants (EDF Belgium, SPE and eventually E.ON) will have to pay the remaining 45 to 75 M EUR per annum (until 2014). GDF Suez will also invest in R&D on CCS and nuclear waste, in renewable energy and in energy efficiency.

At the same time, a 'Follow Up Committee' will be installed. This Committee will be composed out of representatives of the nuclear producers, the government and the social partners, and of representatives of the National Bank of Belgium. The main tasks of this Committee will be to yearly evaluate the production costs of nuclear energy and to evaluate the electricity market prices. It will also have to verify that the household prices of all suppliers will in no way be higher than the average of the prices in the neighbouring countries.

The decisions still must be transposed into formal legislation. Nevertheless, some ideas can raise concerns about the development of a liberalised energy market in Belgium and about the position of other market players (will they contemplate building new power plants? will they be able to raise their market share?). From a legal point of view, it remains to be seen whether this decision to postpone the nuclear phase out will stand the test of EU law and of Belgian constitutional law.

In any case, interesting regulatory and legal times lay ahead.

A free English translation of the relevant excerpt from the governmental declaration will be send to you at first request. Please e-mail me.

Postponement of the nuclear phase out

Levy On Unused Electricity Production Sites

In 2006, the Belgian federal legislator imposed a levy on unused sites for electricity generation. In 2008 the amount of this levy was approximately EUR 50M. The Constitutional Court declared that the imposition was in line with the Belgian Constitution.

The aim of the levy was to force the incumbent electricity producer, Electrabel, to sell some or all of this sites to competing energy undertakings.

In 2008, the federal legislator amended the amount of the levy. As from the entry into force, this amount would be increased with EUR 20M.

In response to a question of Katrien Partyka (CD&V), the minister of energy acknowledged that imposing the levy did not reached the goals of releasing or selling these sites to other energy undertakings. All sites are still property of Electrabel and remain unused.

Levy On Unused Electricity Production Sites

250M EUR levy on the electricity producers in Belgium

Last week, the federal Council of Ministers agreed upon an one time indirect levy on the nuclear electricity producers in Belgium (SPE and Electrabel). The federal state will charge Synatom, the company responsible for the provisions for the phase-out of nuclear installations, for 250M EUR. Within 15 days, the nuclear electricity producers are obliged to reimburse Synatom with 250 M EUR. If the companies do not reimburse Synatom, a penalty of 2% of their annual income could be imposed upon them. The act prohibits passing the charge on in higher prices for the final customers.

250M EUR levy on the electricity producers in Belgium

Pax Electrica II Agreement between Electrabel and SPE

In the framework of the “Pax Electrica II”, Electrabel and SPE reached an agreement in principle on the conditions for the putting at the disposal of SPE of 635 MW nuclear capacity of Electrabel. The first 100 MW consists of a swap with Chooz. The next 250 MW will be sold to SPE. The last 285 MW will be object of a long term supply contract “until 2025 at the earliest”. The agreement will be submitted for approval to the Belgian and European competition authorities and must be fully implemented by the end of the Summer 2008.

It is curious to note that this agreement in principle implicitely neglects the fact that the Act of 2003 on the nuclear phase-out foresees that the last nuclear reactors (Doel 4 and Tihange 3) will have to be shut down in 2025. By stating "until 2025 at the earliest", SPE, Electrabel and Verhofstadt, the Belgian prime minister present at the signing of the agreement, confirm that the nuclear phase out will without any doubt be reviewed by the next governement.

Pax Electrica II Agreement between Electrabel and SPE

Investigation by the CREG on the retail price increases announced by Electrabel

After the announcement by Electrabel of a price increase of electricity and natural gas on the retail market in Belgium, the federal minister of energy, Marc Verwilghen, requested an investigation by the CREG, the federal energy regulator, and the Competition Council.

Today, the CREG issued a press release with the telling title: “The CREG finalises its investigation on the price increases announced by Electrabel, notwithstanding the limited cooperation of Distrigas”.

The CREG concludes that the reasons invoked by Electrabel to justify the retail price increases of natural gas “are sometimes but not always equally pertinent”:
- The higher fuel prices were already charged to the end consumers;
- The new natural gas contract between Electrabel and Distrigas entered into force on 1 January 2007. Consequently, eventual negative price effects arising out of this contract would have been noticed at that date and will not have effect only as from 1 September 2007;
- Only the part of the price increase related to a fixed term in the new natural gas contract was not yet charged to the end consumers.
- The CREG has noticed that at the moment of the opening of the Walloon and Brussels energy market (1 January 2007) Electrabel has set its prices very low, which could imply predatory pricing. Although there are indications for such predatory pricing, the CREG is unable to prove this due to of the limited cooperation by Distrigas. Lacking the necessary cooperation, the CREG was also unable to conclude that Electrabel tried to provoke a price squeeze. The CREG asks the Competition Council to investigate this further.

The reasons invoked by Electrabel to justify the retail price increases for electricity for professional customers are again “sometimes but not always equally pertinent”:
- The prices Electrabel wants to increase differ on the basis of parameters taking into account the fuel and employment costs. These parameters are less volatile than parameters based upon more volatile price changes on the exchange. Electrabel invokes the increased wholesale prices. According to the CREG it is “strange” that Electrabel uses parameters in its contracts with industrial customers different from the increased wholesale (exchange) prices.
- The price increase seems to be inspired by the concern of Electrabel to safeguard its profit margin.

The CREG gives some recommendations:
- Price regulations can be temporarily adopted;
- Structural measures to improve competition must be adopted;
- CREG’s competences must be strengthened (including the possibility to conduct market monitoring);
- Part of Electrabel’s production capacity must be put at the disposal of other market players;
- The independence of the system operators must be strengthened;
- Investments in production, transmission/transport, distribution and transit must be carried out.

Investigation by the CREG on the retail price increases announced by Electrabel

European Commission initiates procedures against Electrabel

In its press release of today (26 July 2007), the European Commission announces that it initiated proceedings against Suez (Electrabel) concerning a suspected infringement of Article 82 EC Treaty.

"The suspected infringement takes the form of long-term contracts concluded by the SUEZ group with final consumers of electricity in Belgium, in particular but not limited to large industrial consumers. It is suspected that in combination these contracts prevent customer switching thereby significantly foreclosing the market(s) concerned."

European Commission initiates procedures against Electrabel